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　　通風管道工程是建筑環境調控系統的核心組成部分，其施工質量直接影響室內空氣質量、能耗效率及人員舒適度。本文從工藝流程、質量控制、安全環保三大維度，系統闡述現代通風管道工程的實施要點。

　　Ventilation duct engineering is a core component of building environmental control systems, and its construction quality directly affects indoor air quality, energy efficiency, and personnel comfort. This article systematically elaborates on the implementation points of modern ventilation duct engineering from three dimensions: process flow, quality control, and safety and environmental protection.

　　一、工程概況與施工準備

　　1、 Project Overview and Construction Preparation

　　通風管道工程涵蓋風管制作、安裝、調試全周期，常見于商業綜合體、工業廠房及醫療凈化場所。施工前需完成以下準備工作：

　　Ventilation duct engineering covers the entire cycle of duct production, installation, and commissioning, and is commonly found in commercial complexes, industrial plants, and medical purification facilities. The following preparations need to be completed before construction:

　　圖紙深化設計

　　Detailed design of drawings

　　基于建筑平面圖與機電綜合管線圖，優化風管走向與標高，避免與消防噴淋、電氣橋架交叉沖突。某醫院手術室項目通過BIM技術模擬，將風管碰撞點減少，提升凈空高度。

　　Based on the architectural floor plan and the comprehensive mechanical and electrical pipeline diagram, optimize the direction and elevation of the air ducts to avoid conflicts with fire sprinklers and electrical cable trays. The operating room project of a certain hospital uses BIM technology simulation to reduce the collision points of air ducts and improve the clearance height.

　　材料選型與檢驗

　　Material selection and inspection

　　鍍鋅鋼板、不銹鋼板或復合板材需符合GB/T 2518標準，厚度偏差≤±0.05mm。進場材料需提供質保書與檢測報告，并抽樣進行耐腐蝕、防火性能測試。

　　Galvanized steel plates, stainless steel plates or composite plates shall comply with the GB/T 2518 standard, with a thickness deviation of ≤± 0.05mm. Materials entering the site shall provide quality assurance certificates and testing reports, and be sampled for corrosion resistance and fire resistance performance testing.

　　施工設備配置

　　Construction equipment configuration

　　配備全自動風管生產線、等離子切割機、角鋼法蘭自動焊機等設備，確保加工精度。某機場航站樓項目采用數控折邊機，風管咬口平整度達0.5mm/m。

　　Equipped with fully automatic air duct production line, plasma cutting machine, angle steel flange automatic welding machine and other equipment to ensure processing accuracy. The terminal project of a certain airport adopts a CNC folding machine, and the flatness of the air duct bite reaches 0.5mm/m.

　　二、核心工藝與施工要點

　　2、 Core technology and construction key points

　　風管制作

　　Duct production

　　下料成型：采用激光切割替代傳統剪板機，切口光潔度提升，減少毛刺對氣流的擾動。

　　Cutting and forming: Laser cutting is used instead of traditional shearing machines to improve the smoothness of the incision and reduce the disturbance of burrs on the airflow.

　　加固處理：大口徑風管（≥1250mm）需增設角鋼加固框，間距≤800mm，防止變形。

　　Reinforcement treatment: For large-diameter air ducts (≥ 1250mm), angle steel reinforcement frames should be added with a spacing of ≤ 800mm to prevent deformation.

　　密封工藝：法蘭連接處采用閉孔海綿橡膠條，壓縮率控制，確保漏風量≤2%。

　　Sealing process: Closed cell sponge rubber strips are used at the flange connection, with compression rate control to ensure air leakage is ≤ 2%.

　　管道安裝

　　Pipeline installation

　　支吊架系統：水平風管間距≤3m，垂直風管間距≤4m，采用減震吊架降低噪聲。某數據中心項目通過彈簧減震器，將設備振動傳遞降低。

　　Support and hanger system: Horizontal air duct spacing ≤ 3m, vertical air duct spacing ≤ 4m, using shock-absorbing hangers to reduce noise. A data center project uses spring dampers to reduce equipment vibration transmission.

　　連接方式：低壓系統（P≤500Pa）優先采用共板法蘭連接，高壓系統（P>1500Pa）需焊接或法蘭螺栓連接。

　　Connection method: For low-pressure systems (P ≤ 500Pa), common plate flange connection is preferred, while for high-pressure systems (P>1500Pa), welding or flange bolt connection is required.

　　部件安裝：防火閥、調節閥需設置獨立支吊架，距墻距離≥200mm，便于檢修。

　　Component installation: Fire dampers and regulating valves need to be equipped with independent supports and hangers, with a distance of ≥ 200mm from the wall for easy maintenance.

　　系統調試

　　System debugging

　　漏光檢測：低壓系統用不低于100W帶保護罩的低壓照明燈，中壓系統用100W燈泡，沿檢測部位緩慢移動，發現漏光點做標記修補。

　　Leakage detection: Low voltage systems use low-voltage lighting fixtures with protective covers of no less than 100W, while medium voltage systems use 100W bulbs. Slowly move along the detection area and mark and repair any leakage points found.

　　風量平衡：通過變頻器調節風機轉速，使各風口風速偏差≤15%。某辦公樓項目采用智能風量平衡儀，調試周期縮短。

　　Airflow balance: Adjust the fan speed through a frequency converter to ensure that the wind speed deviation at each outlet is ≤ 15%. A certain office building project adopts an intelligent air volume balance meter, which shortens the debugging cycle.

　　三、質量控制與驗收標準

　　3、 Quality Control and Acceptance Standards

　　過程監控

　　Process monitoring

　　實施“三檢制”：班組自檢、工序交接檢、專職質檢員專檢，隱蔽工程需留存影像資料。

　　Implement the "three inspection system": team self inspection, process handover inspection, dedicated quality inspector inspection, and concealed works need to retain image data.

　　關鍵節點驗收：如法蘭密封性、支吊架承載力等，需經監理單位確認。

　　Key node acceptance: such as flange sealing, support and hanger bearing capacity, etc., need to be confirmed by the supervision unit.

　　成品保護

　　Finished product protection

　　風管堆放場地需平整，覆蓋防雨布，避免積水銹蝕。

　　The storage area for air ducts should be flat and covered with rainproof cloth to avoid water accumulation and corrosion.

　　安裝完成后用塑料薄膜包裹，防止交叉施工污染。

　　After installation, wrap it with plastic film to prevent cross construction pollution.

　　驗收規范

　　Acceptance standards

　　依據GB 50243《通風與空調工程施工質量驗收規范》，重點檢測：

　　According to GB 50243 "Code for Acceptance of Construction Quality of Ventilation and Air Conditioning Engineering", the key tests are:

　　風管強度與嚴密性：低壓系統漏風量≤0.1056Pa·m?/(h·㎡)

　　Duct strength and tightness: Low pressure system air leakage ≤ 0.1056Pa · m? /(h·㎡)

　　風口風速偏差：≤額定值的±10%

　　Wind speed deviation at the air outlet: ≤ ± 10% of the rated value

　　系統噪聲：較設計值低

　　System noise: lower than the design value

　　四、安全文明施工措施

　　4、 Safe and civilized construction measures

　　高空作業防護

　　High altitude operation protection

　　超過2m作業需佩戴五點式安全帶，腳手架搭設符合JGJ 130規范，鋪設防滑踏板。

　　Five point safety belts must be worn for operations exceeding 2 meters, scaffolding must be erected in accordance with JGJ 130 standards, and anti slip pedals must be installed.

　　動火管理

　　Hot work management

　　焊接作業前辦理動火證，配備滅火器與接火盆，周邊易燃物清理≥10m。

　　Apply for a hot work permit before welding operations, equip with fire extinguishers and fire pots, and clean up flammable materials in the surrounding area for at least 10m.

　　揚塵控制

　　Dust control

　　切割作業在封閉工棚內進行，配備移動式除塵器，現場PM2.5濃度≤75μg/m?。

　　The cutting operation is carried out in a closed work shed, equipped with a mobile dust collector, and the on-site PM2.5 concentration is ≤ 75 μ g/m?.

　　五、技術創新與趨勢

　　5、 Technological Innovation and Trends

　　裝配式施工

　　Prefabricated construction

　　采用預制化風管模塊，現場螺栓連接，工期縮短，某商業綜合體項目應用后，施工垃圾減少。

　　By using prefabricated air duct modules and on-site bolt connections, the construction period has been shortened, and after the application of a commercial complex project, construction waste has been reduced.

　　智能監測

　　Intelligent monitoring

　　風管內嵌溫濕度、壓力傳感器，接入建筑能效管理系統，實現實時調優。

　　The air duct is embedded with temperature, humidity, and pressure sensors, which are connected to the building energy efficiency management system to achieve real-time optimization.

　　綠色材料

　　Green materials

　　推廣酚醛泡沫、玻璃棉等環保保溫材料，燃燒性能達A級，降低火災風險。

　　Promote phenolic foam, glass wool and other environmental protection and thermal insulation materials, with combustion performance reaching Class A and reducing fire risk.

　　通風管道工程是建筑機電系統的“呼吸通道”，其施工需兼顧功能性、經濟性與環保性。通過精細化工藝控制、智能化調試手段及綠色材料應用，可顯著提升系統效能，為建筑使用者創造健康、舒適的環境。隨著BIM技術、物聯網的深度融合，通風管道工程正向數字化、低碳化方向加速演進。

　　Ventilation duct engineering is the "breathing channel" of building electromechanical systems, and its construction needs to balance functionality, economy, and environmental protection. Through refined process control, intelligent debugging methods, and the application of green materials, system efficiency can be significantly improved, creating a healthy and comfortable environment for building users. With the deep integration of BIM technology and the Internet of Things, ventilation duct engineering is rapidly evolving towards digitalization and low-carbon direction.

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