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　　方管在汽車結構中的應用

　　Application of Square Tube in Automotive Structures

　　薄壁方管在汽車結構中常被用作沖擊能量吸收器。由于其易于制造和安裝，具有較高的能量吸收能力以及較長的行程，因而得到廣泛應用。然而，方管在初始階段的壓縮過程中會產生較高的初始峰值力，這是其主要缺點。為了解決這個問題，研究人員提出在管的表面設置折紙圖案。通過有限元分析靜態和動態軸向壓縮，確定了帶有折紙圖案的管的初始峰值力、壓碎力效率和塑性比能量吸收等參數。實驗結果表明，折紙圖案顯著提高了方管的壓碎性能，降低了初始峰值力并提高了壓碎力效率，無論是在靜態還是動態加載條件下。

　　Thin walled square tubes are often used as impact energy absorbers in automotive structures. Due to its ease of manufacturing and installation, high energy absorption capacity, and long travel, it has been widely used. However, the square tube will generate a high initial peak force during the initial compression process, which is its main disadvantage. To solve this problem, researchers propose to set origami patterns on the surface of the tube. The initial peak force, crushing force efficiency, and plastic specific energy absorption parameters of the tube with folded patterns were determined through finite element analysis of static and dynamic axial compression. The experimental results show that the origami pattern significantly improves the crushing performance of square tubes, reduces the initial peak force, and improves the crushing force efficiency, both under static and dynamic loading conditions.

　　方形管在汽車結構中還可以引入復合蜂窩芯，以提高汽車的抗碰撞性能。通過數值研究復合蜂窩芯管在軸向壓縮載荷下的破碎響應，討論了其能量吸收特性，如變形或折疊模式、破碎 / 反應力、破碎行程和能量曲線等。

　　Square tubes can also incorporate composite honeycomb cores into automotive structures to enhance their collision resistance. By numerically studying the fracture response of composite honeycomb core tubes under axial compression loads, the energy absorption characteristics, such as deformation or folding modes, fracture/reaction forces, fracture stroke, and energy curves, were discussed.

　　方管在太陽能熱水器中的應用

　　Application of square tube in solar water heater

　　太陽能熱水器是利用太陽能進行水加熱的設備，其中方管形狀的太陽能熱水器具有一定的優勢。在設計太陽能熱水器時，其性能受到多種因素的影響，如朝向太陽的方向、尺寸、類型（主動或被動）、集熱板材料、吸收板厚度和形狀、水管的材料和形狀等。在當前的研究中，采用了尺寸為 0.5×0.5 英寸橫截面、1 米長的方管，并使用 K 型熱電偶測量水出口溫度和管體溫度，獲得的最高溫度為 49°C

　　Solar water heater is a device that uses solar energy to heat water, among which square tube shaped solar water heaters have certain advantages. When designing a solar water heater, its performance is influenced by various factors, such as the direction towards the sun, size, type (active or passive), collector plate material, absorber plate thickness and shape, water pipe material and shape, etc. In the current study, a square tube with a cross-section of 0.5 × 0.5 inches and a length of 1 meter was used, and K-type thermocouples were used to measure the water outlet temperature and tube body temperature. The highest temperature obtained was 49 ° C

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